Development of First Person Shooter (FPS) Games

Improvement of First Person Shooter (FPS) Games First-individual shooter (FPS) is a computer game that shows the game play around firearm and shot weapon-based battle in the viewpoint of fundamental individual. The player encounters the activity by means of the hero eye see. All in all, the primary individual shooter shares normal characters alongside some other shooter games. From the class initiation, propelled 3D designs components have tested the equipment advancement, likewise the multiplayer gaming has been necessary. First-individual shooters are a sort of 3D shooter game, including a first individual perspective with which the player sees the activity through the eyes of the player character. Normally, a player experiences a progression of levels. The best models are Halo arrangement, the Left 4 Dead and Half-Life arrangement, and Golden Eye: 007. General: There are a wide range of sorts of PC games in the market today. From the pilot training programs to a continuous procedure, all the assortments have made specialty markets among a few PC gamers. First-Person Shooter is one of the quickly developing game-types. Over-the-shoulder shooter games other game names which depend on moderately premises goes under First-Person Shooter as a subcategory. We can see through the eyes of fundamental character. The objective will be straightforward for such games. Notwithstanding, lessening the class to shortsighted components neglects to value the reasons that these games are so famous. First-individual shooters actualizes most recent innovation and come out on top. Later it offered help for multi-player gaming, additionally created recognition and judgment. As we as a whole realize that the activity games are fun-pressed and exciting along these lines become well known. In this game, we have to utilize weapons, reflexes and uncommon moves so as to beat the adversaries and push forward in the game. There are numerous sorts of shooter games. Content Analysis: As of late, fierce computer games have gotten exceptionally famous. Each player makes their individual game substance relying upon the client s choices and activities in a game. Singular game substance ideas are fundamental for the assessment of potential impacts of media utilization on comprehensions, influences, and conduct. This investigation examinations the exclusively produced content with high worldly goals. Persistent pulse, skin conductance are related with game substance, which recognizes the diverse game playing stages and advances. In both intra-player and between player levels, Playing stages and changes between playing stages are examined. History: The First-Person Shooters were advanced since 1970 s. Labyrinth War and Spasim were begun in 1973. Be that as it may, the consummation date is obscure. Later in 1974, University of Illinois was created which was a simple space pilot training program, and furthermore first-individual viewpoint. Itemized battle pilot training programs and tank test system improvement were impacted from Spasim. In 1980, Battlezone was discharged which is a tank game. First-individual perspective and 3D designs were effectively propelled in 1983 for home PCs In 1987, MIDI Maze was discharged which was an early first-individual shooter. Through the MIDI interface it used to arrange multiplayer games before Ethernet and Internet was presented. In 1991, Id Softwares Hovertank 3D created beam throwing information to empower quicker ongoing interaction for vehicle test systems. Later propelled surface mapping was presented however Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss. In 1992, pretending game by Looking Glass Technologies presented first individual perspective and a propelled illustrations motor. Because of brutality related with the First individual shooters, they some of the time draw in the negative consideration of guardians and oversight. They are enjoyed by a few and despised by others. Nonetheless, presently the First individual shooters have developed to be something other than thoughtless savagery. The primary FPS is Wolfenstein which was discharged in 1992 by id programming. He Introduced super designs, great sound, and exceptional playing styles and stayed mainstream. In 1993, Doom was discharged by id programming which was a major defining moment in the First individual shooters history. It was more remarkable and progressed than Wildenstein, as it has an a lot bigger weapons assortment. One of its fundamental selling focuses was its capacity to arrange multiplayer games. Because of Doom s achievement, id programming has actually become the lord of FPS game designers. In 1995, Star Wars were made into a FPS-Dark Forces by LucasArts. It is roused by the film, Star Wars. Later in 1996, RPG/FPS named Dagger fall was discharged by Bethesda Soft works. During this period, even different sorts are converged with FPS. One could battle foes with blades, ride ponies, join organizations, purchase houses, burglarize shops, and even become a fiend. In 1996, ID Software discharged Quake which was the main FPS to move from 2-dimensional spring up foes to completely 3-dimensional models. The gamers require 3D quickening agent cards for elite to play this game. In 1997, its spin-off was discharged as Quake 2, which won a lot of recognition from both the gamers and pundits. Brilliant Eye 007 which was one of the most mainstream reassure FPSs ever was discharged in 1997 impacted from the film of a similar name. In 1998, the game Half-Life was discharged by Valve. It changed the gaming scene by making its place as the best in the FP shooter. Astonishing designs, exceptionally fake condition, and a playing style impacted by film. Cheat: The Dark Project was discharged around the same time which underlines on secrecy component. In 2000, Monolith Productions discharged No One Lives Forever. In 2001, Halo for Xbox was discharged by Bungie Studios. The story is modern and includes Master Chief battling an outsider faction and zombies in marine. In 2004, an unbelievably true to life Doom 3 was propelled with the story dependent on damages. Later in 2004, Half-Life 2 was discharged which was considered as the best first individual shooter ever. It highlights incorporates profoundly propelled designs, astounding material science motor, and a very man-made consciousness. The total history of First individual shooters to sum things up above shows how the First individual shooters have kept on pushing the sheath of designs, sound, and game play. In the previous decade, FPS accomplished new statures. Making the gaming experience substantially more artistic and practical, First individual shooters inundate the player into a totally new intriguing world. Distinction between First Person Shooters and Third Person Shooters Because of hybrid of highlights and other ongoing covers, contrasts between First individual shooters and third individual shooters keeps on existing some disarray. One of the most essential contrasts is the character s point of view. In a FP shooters game, the player is the fundamental character; and his perspective is through his own eyes. He won't have the option to see himself, notwithstanding, can see the environmental factors. In FP shooters, you nearly explode all that you see. Hands and weapons can be seen at the base of the screen as the move is making place through the eyes of the character. Be that as it may, in third individual shooter game, the fundamental character can see himself on the screen. In Third-individual shooters game, the general condition was all the more obviously noticeable to the players. It causes the player to be increasingly intuitive with the general condition. The fundamental distinction, between FP Shooters and Third Person Shooters, is the player recognition in connecting with objects is increasingly ideal. As the Third Person Shooter can see himself in the activity, he can for the most part do some truly kick-butt moves like Jackie Chan style reverse somersaults and side rolls. That is the explanation, the game creator is permitted to make all the more emphatically portrayed symbol, and coordinates the players consideration as though watching a film. The limits between FP Shooters and Third-Person Shooters are not in every case clear. While the primary character is driving a vehicle, numerous FPS games change to a third-individual perspective. In numerous different games like-Metroid Prime and Combat, the mix of first-individual for pointing and third-individual for driving has been utilized. Innovation Trend setting innovation and Internet has prompted the advancement of various multiplayer First individual shooters. Multiplayer FP Shooter games online permits you to communicate with players from all around the globe and appreciate the FPS games online with them. You can even make groups on the web to slaughter the foes without any problem. One of the most famous FP Shooter games online is Counter Strike is. In Counter Strike, you can associate with group accomplices to frame the system on the determination of the weapons, choose the area and afterward battle foes. Some FPS games center around the storyline as well, next to the activity. Encountering an alternate sort of world, you have to discover signs and murder adversaries quietly to push forward in the game. Half-Life is one such game. As a gathering, first-individual shooters will in general be main thrusts in quickening the improvement of program and equipment. Different sorts of games are presently attempting to keep up, yet FPSs have an unmistakable lead in the innovation race. The ascent of the 3D designs quickening agent can't be authorize to business applications; it is established immovably in PC games. It could be contended that 3Dfx, the organization that made the Voodoo chipset utilized by a few illustrations cards, owes a lot of its prosperity to GL Quake. A short rundown not many FPS games: Zero Tolerance (Raycaster) Wolfenstein 3-D (Raycaster) Duke Nukem (Raycaster) Shadow Warrior (Raycaster) Fate (Raycaster) Ascent of The Triad (Raycaster) Shudder (3D) Shudder 2 (3D) Shudder III: Arena (3D) Hexen (Raycaster) Counter Strike 1.6 (3D) Counter Strike Source (3D) Shogo: Mobile Armor Division (3D) Nobody Lives Forever (3D) Half-Life (3D) Half-Life 2 (3D) Incredible (3D) Incredible Tournament (3D) Incredible Tournament 2004 (3D). Some well known first individual shooter games depiction Labyrinth war designer Steve colley, Platform; mlac PDS-1, Mac, NeXT Computer, PalmOS, Xerox Star. Discharge date on - INT 1

Hiring and Firing Essay

This exposition will distinguish and talk about the distinctive enlistment and determination practices of associations in the UK and these practices will be contrasted with the partners in the remainder of European Countries. The exposition will likewise remark on the traps in the UK associations which have prompted tied hands of the supervisors in these organizations. The ending rehearses in the associations of UK will likewise be talked about and the traps will be contrasted with the organizations situated in the European Countries. This is the motivation behind why less understudies are picking IT related fields in their advanced educations as there are no employments accessible for local people in these organizations. This is a trap that has been burrowed by these IT organizations themselves as they won't get any ability from the nearby market if there is a limitation of off-shoring later on (MarketWatch 2006). Poor Recruitment Practice in UK A people evaluation organization, Talent Q that helps bosses in overseeing and selecting ability, has seen numerous organizations and chiefs as taking poor choices routinely while employing representatives. There are numerous terrible outcomes of this poor recruiting practice as the fall in profitability is equivalent to GBP 2,400 for every annum for every specialist who winds up lost in an employment which he wouldn't like to do or isn't equipped for performing. Viably, the total sum goes up to GBP 5million per annum for the economy of UK (M2PressWIRE 2007). As indicated by an official review of Talent Q, 24 percent of the representatives who were selected were not approached to give a bent test and another 44 percent of the work force who were recruited were not short-recorded utilizing any character test. In view of 25 years of scholastic research across numerous organizations of enormous scope, these discoveries were handled through a model which is all around acknowledged. This model shows the cast iron adequacy of the appraisal. The genuine degree of the issues for the businesses turned out to be clear when these outcomes were joined with pay information from Office for National Statistics. The CEO of Talent Q remarked that the associations regularly neglect to utilize individuals based on bent test and character test. Notwithstanding, utilizing individuals based on hunch is by a wide margin the most noticeably awful work method known, while numerous investigations have demonstrated that when bosses use evaluation procedures to discover the personaliy and fitness of an individual, they show signs of improvement results (M2PressWIRE 2007). Informal Recruiting The candidates who apply through verbal exchange are seen as more appropriate than the enlisted people acquired by publicizing and are bound to remain longer in the activity. In any case, it isn't generally the situation that the best contender for work is chosen through verbal applications. This training for enrollment is being drilled in the UK at higher rates among the senior levels and is known as scouting. The goal of these seniors is to fill the more lucrative employments with the individuals whom they know or are there family members (HRM Guide Network 2007). Guarantee of Bonuses The guarantee of rewards while enrolling the representatives has been the most exceedingly awful trap of the enlistment rehearses in the UK. Mercer Consulting has found through research that the general compensation of CEOs in the UK from rewards has developed from 13 percent to 19 percent in 2004 (Mercer Human Resource Consulting 2004). There has been a significant impact on the income development rates in the UK as a result of the huge number of rewards that were paid in the ongoing years (Freeman 2002). This act of pulling in ability through contribution rewards doesn't ensure a roused representative. This guarantees just that choices are made by the workers that get him the rewards and these choices may hurt the organization over the long haul. The organizations in the UK are likewise utilizing rewards as an apparatus for representative maintenance and this training is getting very regular in the UK economy. In any case, the new arrangement to draw in new ability and to lay off the current representatives isn't in the hands of the supervisors at center or lower level. The senior administration is a large portion of the organizations settles on such choices (Nisar 2007). Off-shoring in the UK Many organizations in the UK, particularly those identified with IT and development, are recruiting gifted however moderately modest work from abroad. This employing has been permitted by the administration as a result of which work allows and visas have likewise been allocated to a great many specialists from abroad. In spite of the fact that these financially savvy choices can't be overlooked by the administrators yet they discover their options limited when they find modest work which can enable the organization to decrease cost (MarketWatch 2006). The Responsibility of the Managers The directors and individual secretaries are getting progressively answerable for the enrollment of unfilled opening. Be that as it may, these chiefs can't be so certain about recruiting the correct individual or choosing a testing framework for the opening. Where these directors are approached to reduce expenses, they are likewise approached to enlist the best individual. Notwithstanding, tests, for example, bent test, character test, expertise test or psychometric tests can be over the top expensive. This is in logical inconsistency to modest employing and numerous supervisors end up in a place of recruiting an individual not fit for work due to fixed or constrained financial plan allotted for employing (Renshaw 2003). As per the leader of a psychometric organization, the greater part of the workers are employed inside the initial five minutes of a meeting which is finished with the assistance of senses. In spite of the fact that in these five minutes, the discussion doesn't go past grins and presentations however many imagine this is the best practice. Employing through stepping through examinations has been end up being the best strategy which numerous administrators in the UK don't follow. Those representatives who are recruited without these tests, they are bound to drench the organization in misfortunes (Renshaw 2003). Bringing down Hiring Requirements The organizations with opening in the Europe for the most part react with bringing down the recruiting necessities in order to bring down the expense related with employing. These odds despite the fact that expansion the odds of filling the opportunity however it likewise brings about a match that opposes or ends when he is hit by a necessity that he can't deliver to as a result of lower level of abilities or experience. When looking through expenses are high, the European managers are bound to recruit under qualified workers for impermanent positions. One of the outcomes of recruiting an under qualified individual is high terminating costs if the worker can get a lasting agreement (Brencic 2009). Brief Employment Practices in the Europe Numerous nations in Europe boycott or confine the utilization of brief specialists. Be that as it may, there has been a developing acknowledgment for the brief work in the district. Numerous organizations which would prefer not to surge in recruiting and afterward settle on an off-base decision are recruiting impermanent representatives. The UK, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Denmark are the nations among those which have brief work markets, yet the nations like Greece, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, Germany Portugal despite everything have rigid strategies over transitory employing (Messmer 1994). Terminating Practices in Europe The economies of Europe have been terribly trailing US and other created nations due to timberlands of formality, tremendous government assistance, overregulation and prohibitive recruiting and terminating rehearses. Terminating Limitations in UK Due to the usage of a few equivalent business opportunity acts and laws in the United Kingdom, the businesses are confined to terminate or cutback representatives. This actually tosses a chief at his seat with his options limited as he can't terminate any worker who isn't performing. As indicated by the laws, in light of the individual status of the specialist, a business may not set up employing or enrolling standards. Managers are not permitted to fight back against, lay-off or fire their representatives refering to reasons dependent on the individual status sketched out in the government enactment of hostile to segregation. The work is ensured with the demonstration of punishments and plan of action which says that if a representative is separated in the zones of terminating and recruiting, he may gather all the fiscal harms that are finished by the business (Pearson 2010). Terminating Practices in Germany In December 2000, the Vauxhall Motors Luton reported the conclusion of an office with terminating of roughly 2000 individuals. No subtleties were declared freely about the terminating of workers and what advantages would they get. The representatives being influenced were not told about the choice that the administration was going to take about the conclusion of an office. The representatives were not explained why the office was shut or for what reason were they being terminated (Butler, Sweeney and Crundwell 2009). This shows the terminating rehearses in Germany are altogether different when contrasted with UK, where an organization has restricted capacity to terminate perpetual workers. In Germany, in any case, the organizations have capacity to lay-off the workers at whatever point they need without introducing any explanation. Similitudes of Firing Practices in UK and other European Countries In this season of monetary downturn, when numerous huge enterprises are taking part in cutting back practices, the nations like UK, Italy, France and Germany are focusing on the more established representatives for lay-offs. The purpose for is very legitimate as the representatives develop more established, they become less beneficial and the organization discover progressively skilled youngsters to supplant them (Cattaneo et al.â 2010). The associations in the vast majority of the economies of Europe see more seasoned workers as progressively dispensable and give little an incentive to them (Barth et al. , 1993; Eastman, 1993; Loretto and White, 2006). End There are sure similitudes in the UK and Europe organizations with regards to laying-off or enlistment of the workers. Notwithstanding, the distinctions are more as the UK organizations are limited by laws and severe guidelines for terminating representatives which actually ties the hands of the directors with regards to terminating and recruiting of the workers.

Pawtucket

Pawtucket Pawtucket p?t?k ´?t [key], city (1990 pop. 72,644), Providence co., NE R.I., on the Blackstone River at Pawtucket Falls; settled 1671, inc. 1885 after the eastern section (which was part of Massachusetts until 1862) was merged with the western section into a Rhode Island town. Pawtucket has been a textile center since Samuel Slater built the nation's first successful water-powered cotton mill there in 1793. A dam built along the river in 1790 provides the electric power for the city. Among the city's manufactures are jewelry and silverware, metals, and specialty textiles. The area, deeded to Roger Williams in 1638, was a haven for religious freedom in New England. Pawtucket's first settler was an ironworker who established (1671) a forge at the falls. Metalworks and sawmills sprang up, and after Slater erected his cotton mill on the banks of the river, the textile industry boomed. After World War II, when much of the textile manufacturing moved south, Pawtucket shared the decline of many New England towns. The city has since regained its small industrial status. Of principal interest is the 1793 Slater mill, now a museum. Some two dozen former textile mills now form an arts district. Many tourist and recreational sites are in the area. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Essay about The Glorious Revolutions - 1977 Words

Plan of Investigation The investigation is to compare and contrast the nature of two Russian Revolutions in 1917. The first Russian Revolution to be investigated will be the February Revolution wherein the poor living conditions and the dissent among the people of Russia led to the collapse of the Romanov dynasty and the rise of the Provisional Government. The second Russian Revolution to be investigated will be the Bolshevik Revolution which occurred after the failure of the provisional government to improve the living conditions in Russia and led to the Bolsheviks claiming power of Russia in October. Memoirs and university level history books will be the main sources of reference to examine the nature and results of the revolutions.†¦show more content†¦World War I was first met by a public surge of patriotism, but as time passed, the mood quickly turned sour. The Russian army was heavily outclassed by the German army. Their supply and medical systems were very primit ive, communications weak, inexperienced leadership, and aviation far inferior to that of the Germans. After the Brusilov offensive wherein the Russians tried to attack instead of just defending, resulted in mass bloodshed with over 2 million men killed and 350,000 people captured, support for the war was shattered within the ranks of the army. The war had lasted for a long period of time causing more shortages [see appendix iii] and inflation in food prices. However, Nicholas would not end the war no matter how many people protested against it. In the winter months of 1917, inflation advanced at such a fast pace [see appendix i] that the working population’s wages were unable to keep up. Then on February 8, International Women’s Day, demonstrations by female workers in the Vyborg district had brought a large crowd. By the next day, the group had swelled to 200,000 people and massive riots ensued. The army was called in to deal with the situation, but they we re sick of the war and shot their officers and joined the revolt. This was considered to be a spontaneous and leaderless revolution because the Bolsheviks were mostly exiled fromShow MoreRelatedThe Glorious Revolution Essay479 Words   |  2 PagesThe Glorious Revolution Some say the glorious revolution was one of the greatest landmarks in the history of England. The glorious revolution is a very important event in history for multiple reasons. It wasn’t exactly a peaceful occasion but it was one in which no war of fight occurred. This was a pleasant change for England at the time because they had been experiencing plenty of fights over the throne and for once it was a relatively smooth transaction. After Charles the second died his brotherRead More The Glorious Revolution of 1688 Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glorious Revolution of 1688 The theme of â€Å"autonomy and responsibility† is prevalent in many major wars of revolution throughout the history of the world and especially in the events that occurred in England during the seventeenth century. Autonomy is defined as self-government and existing or functioning independently. Responsibility is having obligations or duties to something and being able to distinguish between right and wrong. In England, the political leaders drove King James IIRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Glorious Revolution622 Words   |  3 Pagesdevelopment of democracy. (There are ten items that need information.) 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By the Glorious Revolution of the 17th century, England was already miles ahead of their European brethrenRead MoreEnglish, American, and French Revolutions Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutions English, American, and French   Ã‚     The three most prominent revolutions in recent western history are The English Glorious Revolution, The American Revolution, and The French Revolution. The despite these events being separated by nearly a century, several thousand miles, or both, all three of the revolutions share the same causes, were brought forth by the same idealism, and had similar outcomes in which a document was produced to secure the rights and freedoms for the future

A Brief Note On Discrimination And The Workplace - 2046 Words

Zack Sousa Research Paper Rough Draft Period 6 3/9/15 Discrimination in the Workplace Typically, people see monsters as ugly, frightening creatures. But the sick truth is that monsters come in all shapes and sizes. They can be as beautiful as human being. A human stands out because they are everywhere. A human is able to blend in with the crowd and that is the cruel thing about the world which everyone has to deal with. There are countless types of monsters that live among everyday citizens, such as terrorists, murderers and gangs. Although It would be easy to write another essay on how those examples are monsters, discrimination in the workplace stuck out to me. There are many types of discriminating monsters that someone could find in the workplace. One type of discrimination that occurs is the age prejudice. Someone who doesn’t get a job based on how old they are. More often than not, it is an elder applicant who is denied the job due to a younger, more technologically advanced applicant. Another type of prejudice person that exists in the workplace is t he gender prejudice. There was an example of someone who had an issue with a woman s gender. The employer didn’t give the woman a promotion because he thought that since she had just became a mother, she wasn’t going to care about her job as much as her male counterpart. Prejudiced employers are causing older employees and female workers to lose jobs because the employers feel that they don tShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Workplace Discrimination And The Workplace1063 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Discrimination Throughout history, discrimination happens all the time without one being aware of it. One place this happens very frequently is in the workplace. Discrimination has been indeed a controversial topic in every generation. 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It may include acknowledgment of funding sources, expressions of gratitude to research assistants and contact information for the author who will handle requests. I have a few notes of my own to share here. First, I am very grateful to everyone who has emailed me with suggested improvements; I’m sorry I can’t acknowledgeRead MoreOverview of the Clip about Jim Performing a Prank on Dwight in The Office1280 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction Workplace related injuries tend to have far reaching repercussions. The concept of safety is rarely considered as a strong contributor in elimination of workplace related injuries. The culture of space is one that involves creation of space that enables individuals to feel and be comfortable, welcome, and safe. This means that there is no discrimination on grounds of biological sex or sexual orientation, cultural background, age, physical or mental ability, race, or gender. 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The Act makes it illegal for employers to make use of genetic information in making employment decisions. Specifically, it forbids discrimination on the basis of genetic information whenRead MorePolio : An American Story1378 Words   |  6 Pagesstanding during the polio crisis, the disabled community was far from being treated with the respect it deserved. Historically known as the Disability Rights Movement, the disabled community fought for half a century to eliminate various forms of discrimination which the disabled were subject to. Many polio survivors took part in this fight for equality. Those who were disabled â€Å"did not have access to public transportation, telephones, bathrooms and stores. Office buildings and worksites with stairsRead MoreDeveloping Product Knowledge Of The Coffee Shop Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagess elected industry and workplace, identify at least SIX (6) key information sources that can assist you to identify selected products or services. Write down the each of these reference sources and summarise the information that these references can provide to assist you developing the knowledge of selected products or services. In providing your responses, you should also provide a brief analysis of how reliable and valid of these identified information sources. (Students please note that these informationRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1613 Words   |  7 Pagesemployers discharging employees based on the violation of drug-free workplace policies by using marijuana. As of 2016, twenty-eight states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws that legalize marijuana in some form (Rubin, 2016). Despite the fact that various state governments have legalized the use of marijuana, when it comes to federal law, it remains illegal. This has created discrepancies regarding drug-free workplace policies that mimic the federal policy enacted by Ronald Reagan in 1986

Succubus Blues CHAPTER 16 Free Essays

string(42) " how late the local branches stayed open\." â€Å"Georgina?† â€Å"I’m still here.† â€Å"Pretty fucked up, huh? I guess this kills your angel theory.† â€Å"I’m not so sure. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Blues CHAPTER 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † My initial feeling of dismay was being replaced by a new idea, one that had been percolating in the back of my mind ever since I read the biblical passage at Terry and Andrea’s. I wondered now†¦ wondered exactly what we were dealing with, if it was an angel after all. The words in Genesis came back to me: There were giants in the earth in those days†¦ the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown†¦ â€Å"What’s Jerome saying about all of this?† â€Å"Nothing. What’d you expect?† â€Å"Everyone else is okay, though?† â€Å"Fine, last I knew. What are you going to do? Nothing stupid, I hope.† â€Å"I have to go check on something.† â€Å"Georgina†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hugh warned. â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"Be careful. Jerome’s in a terrible mood over all of this.† I laughed harshly. â€Å"I can imagine.† An awkward silence hung on the line. â€Å"What else aren’t you telling me?† He hesitated a moment longer. â€Å"This†¦ this is a surprise to you, right? This Lucinda thing?† â€Å"Of course it is. Why wouldn’t it be?† Another pause. â€Å"It’s just†¦ well, you’ve got to admit it’s kind of weird, first Duane†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Hugh!† â€Å"And then, I mean, when no one could contact you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I told you, my cell phone broke. You can’t be serious about this.† â€Å"No, no. It’s just†¦ I don’t know. I’ll talk to you later.† I disconnected. Lucinda dead? Lucinda, with her plaid skirt and bob? It was impossible. I felt terrible; I’d just seen her the other day. Sure, I’d called her a sanctimonious bitch, but I hadn’t wanted this. Any more than I’d wanted Duane dead. Yet, the connections Hugh had drawn were weird, weirder than I liked to admit. I’d argued with both Duane and Lucinda, and they’d died shortly thereafter. But Hugh†¦ how did he fit in? Some friend. From what I heard, he received a great deal of amusement telling anyone that would listen about your little whip and wings getup. I remembered Luanda’s jibe. I had indeed had a small flare-up with the imp just before his attack. A small flare-up and a small attack, considering he had lived. I shivered, unsure as to what this meant. Doug walked in. â€Å"You get everything straightened out?† â€Å"Yeah. Thanks.† We stood there uncomfortably for a moment until I finally unlocked the floodgates of my guilt. â€Å"Doug, I-â€Å" â€Å"Forget it, Kincaid. It’s nothing.† â€Å"What I said, I shouldn’t have. I was – â€Å" â€Å"Wasted. Trashed. Flat on your ass drunk. It happens.† â€Å"Still, I had no right. You were trying to be nice, and I turned complete psycho bitch on you.† â€Å"You weren’t that psycho.† â€Å"But definitely a bitch?† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He hid a smile, not meeting my eyes. â€Å"I’m sorry, Doug. I’m really sorry.† â€Å"Quit it. I can’t take much more of this sentimentality.† I leaned over and squeezed his arm, resting my head slightly on his shoulder. â€Å"You’re a good guy, Doug. A really good guy. And a good friend. And I’m sorry†¦ sorry for a lot of things that have – or haven’t – happened between us.† â€Å"Hey, forget about it. It’s nothing between friends, Kin- caid.† A pregnant pause hung between us; he was still clearly uncomfortable with this exchange. â€Å"Did†¦ did everything turn out all right? I lost track of you after the show. That outfit you have on doesn’t reassure me any.† â€Å"You’ll never believe whose shirt this is,† I teased, subsequently telling him the whole tale of getting sick with Seth and the follow-up birthday party. Doug was pushing hysterics by the time I finished, albeit in a relieved sort of way. â€Å"Mortensen’s a good guy,† he finally said, still laughing. â€Å"He says the same thing about you.† Doug grinned. â€Å"You know he’s – oh, man. I forgot, what with all those phone calls.† Turning to the desk, he sifted through papers and books, finally producing a small white envelope. â€Å"You got a note. Paige said she found it last night. I hope it’s good news.† â€Å"Yeah, me too.† But I had my doubts when I saw it. I took it gingerly, like something that might burn me. The paper and calligraphy were identical to the last one’s. Opening up the envelope, I read: So you’re interested in fallen angels, are you? Well, there’ll be a hands-on demonstration tonight. It should prove more informative than your current endeavors and won’t require you screwing your boss in order to get help with extrapolation – not that watching you make a whore of yourself didn’t have its moments. I looked up, meeting Doug’s curious eyes. â€Å"No worries,† I told him lightly, folding the note up and placing it in my purse. â€Å"This is old news.† Hugh’s report implied Lucinda had been killed last night, and this note had been slipped to me beforehand, according to Doug. The warning had gone unheeded. This person apparently didn’t have a good grasp of my schedule, or they hadn’t wanted me to actually act beforehand. It was more like a scare tactic. Whatever their point in giving me a heads-up on Lucinda, it was nothing compared to the other reference in the note. The thought that someone had watched me have sex with Warren made my skin crawl. â€Å"Where are you off to now?† Doug asked. â€Å"Believe it or not, I need to find a book.† â€Å"You’re in the right place.† We went back out to the information desk, where Tammi stood. It pleased me to see Doug training her in this post; we’d need people available for all jobs when the holidays came. â€Å"Practice time,† I told her. â€Å"Tell me where we keep this book.† I gave her the name, and she looked it up in the computer, frowning at the results. â€Å"We don’t. We can order it for you.† I scowled, suddenly understanding why people seemed so pissed off when I told them that. â€Å"Great,† I muttered. â€Å"Where am I going to get it tonight?† Erik probably stocked it, but he’d be closed by now. â€Å"I hate to recommend this,† joked Doug, â€Å"but a library might have it.† â€Å"Maybe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I eyed a clock, unsure how late the local branches stayed open. You read "Succubus Blues CHAPTER 16" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Um, Georgina?† began Tammi carefully. â€Å"I know a place that has it. And that’s still open.† I turned to her in surprise. â€Å"Really? Where – no. No. Not there.† â€Å"I’m sorry.† Her blue eyes pleaded with me to forgive her for such tidings. â€Å"But there were three copies in stock the last time I was there. They couldn’t have sold out.† I groaned, rubbing my temples. â€Å"I can’t go in there. Doug, you want to run an errand for me?† â€Å"I’ve got to close,† he admonished. â€Å"What place are you avoiding?† † Krystal Starz, home of ‘freaky witch woman.’ â€Å" â€Å"You couldn’t pay me to go there.† â€Å"You could pay me,† noted Tammi, â€Å"but I’m closing too. If it makes it any easier, she’s not there all the time.† â€Å"Yeah,† added Doug helpfully. â€Å"No manager is always on-duty. She must have other staff to cover her.† â€Å"Unless they’re short-staffed,† I muttered. The irony. I left the store and got into my car for the journey to Krystal Starz. As I drove, I reflected on the two pieces of information I’d gleaned today. First, the nephilim reference. The King James translation had mentioned angelic offspring, even mentioned them as being abnormal, but I had never considered the possibilities half-angel children might present. The annotation in Terry and Andrea’s translation had elaborated only slightly more on such creatures, but it had been enough to spring a lock in my head. Who better, I thought, to take on both angels and demons than some sort of bastard demigod? Of course, the whole discovery of the nephilim had come about as a spin-off to the verse Erik had given me about fallen angels. I could be running away with a blind lead here when really the culprit was just a regular immortal, albeit an unstable one, slaying members of both sides. After all, I still hadn’t ruled Carter out of the realm of suspects, nor had I figured out why said killer would finish the job with Duane and Lucinda but let Hugh live. My other piece of data today, the new note, offered little I hadn’t already known. I’d simply found it too late for it to be of preemptive use. And if some voyeur was following me around, there was nothing I could do about that either. Yet, it led to the obvious question: Why was this person following me around? Evidence suggested I was the only one receiving such attention, the only one receiving notes. And again, there was the niggling truth: Everyone I’d fought with had later become a victim†¦ When I had almost reached Krystal Starz, I pulled off onto a deserted street. Unbeknownst to Tammi and Doug, I already had a simple solution for facing Helena. Stripping out of the dress and Seth’s shirt, lest they be consumed, I shape-shifted, taking on the guise of a tall, willowy Thai woman in a linen dress. I sometimes used this body to hunt in. The New Age bookstore was quiet when I entered, with only a couple of browsing customers. I saw the same boyish acolyte from before manning the register, and blessing upon blessing, I couldn’t see Helena anywhere. Even disguised, I still had no desire to run into that nutcase. Smiling at the young man behind the counter, I approached and asked where I could find the book. Grinning back like an idiot – this was a very attractive form, after all – he led me to a certain section in their cryptic cataloging system, immediately finding the book. As Tammi had said, the store stocked three copies. We returned to the register to cash out, and I sighed in relief, thinking I was going to make it out of here unscathed. No such luck. The back door leading to the conference room opened, and Helena glided out as though conjured, clad in a flowing fuchsia gown, laden with her usual ten pounds of necklaces. Damn it. It was like the woman really did have a sixth sense or something. â€Å"Things are well, Roger?† she asked the clerk, using her raspy show voice. â€Å"Yes, yes.† He bobbed his head eagerly, apparently thrilled that she’d call him by first name. Turning to me, she gave me one of her diva smiles. â€Å"Hello, my dear. How are you this evening?† Remembering that this persona had no grudge with her, I forced a smile and answered politely, â€Å"Good, thank you.† â€Å"I imagine so,† she told me gravely as I handed cash to the boy, â€Å"because I sense excellent things about your aura.† I widened my eyes in what I hoped was a laywoman’s awe. â€Å"Really?† She nodded, pleased at an appreciative audience. â€Å"Very bright. Very strong. Lots of color. You have good things in store for you.† This message was a far cry from the one she’d given me at Emerald City, I thought. Seeing my book, she eyed me sharply, probably because it was dense and filled with research, as opposed to most of the fluff she sold. â€Å"I’m surprised. I would have expected you to be reading up on how to focus your gifts more. Maximize your full potential. I have several titles I can recommend if you’re interested.† Didn’t this woman ever stop with the sales pitching? â€Å"Oh, I’d love to,† I oozed back, â€Å"but I only brought enough cash for this.† I gestured to the bag now in hand. â€Å"I understand,† she told me gravely. â€Å"Let me show you anyway. So you’ll know what to come back for next time.† Torn, I contemplated which would cause me the most discomfort: going along with her or starting a feud in yet another body. Noticing a clock, I saw that the store closed in fifteen minutes. She couldn’t waste that much of my time. â€Å"Okay. I’d love to.† Beaming, Helena led me across the store, another victim in her thrall. As promised, we looked at books on utilizing the strongest parts of the aura, a few books on crystal channeling, and even one on how visualization could help bring about the things we most wanted. This last one was so painful, I wanted to beat myself in the head with it to end my suffering. â€Å"Don’t underestimate the power of visualization,† she whispered. â€Å"You can control your own destiny, set your own paths, rules, and stakes. I can sense great potential in you, but following these principles can help you unlock more – all the things you’d want for a happy and fulfilling life. Career, home, husband, children.† An image of Seth’s niece curled in my lap suddenly came unbidden to me, and I hastily turned away from Helena. Succubi bore no children. No such future waited for me, book or no. â€Å"I need to go. Thanks for your help.† â€Å"Of course,† she responded demurely, handing me a list she’d conveniently written the titles – and prices – upon. â€Å"And let me give you some brochures for our upcoming programs and events.† It didn’t end. She finally released me once I was sufficiently laden with paper, all of which I dumped into the trash bin in the parking lot. Lord, I hated that woman. I supposed Helena the schmoozing con artist was better than Helena the raving lunatic who had been at Emerald City, but really, it was a tough call. At least I’d obtained the book, which was all that mattered. I pulled off at one of my favorite Chinese places on the way home, back in my normal shape. Carrying Harrington’s book in, I ate General Tso’s chicken while reading the entry on nephilim : Nephilim are first referenced in Genesis 6:4, where they are sometimes referred to as â€Å"giants † or â€Å"fallen ones.† Regardless of the word’s translation, the nephilim’s origin is clear from this passage: they are the semi-divine offspring of angels and human women. Genesis 6:4 refers to them as â€Å"mighty† and â€Å"men of renown.† The rest of the Bible makes little reference to the nephilim’s angelic siring, but encounters with giants and men of â€Å"great stature† are frequently recorded in other books, such as Numbers, Deuteronomy, and Joshua. Some have speculated that the â€Å"great wickedness† prompting the flood in Genesis 6 was actually a result of the nephilim’s corrupting influence on mankind. Further apocryphal readings, such as 1 Enoch, elaborate on the plight of the fallen angels and their families, describing how the corrupted angels taught â€Å"charms and enchantments† to their wi ves while their offspring ran wild throughout the earth, slaughtering and causing strife among humans. The nephilim, gifted with great abilities much like those of the ancient Greek heroes, were nonetheless cursed by God and neglected by their parents, consigned to wander the earth all their days without peace until eventually destroyed for the sake of mankind. I looked up, feeling breathless. I had never heard of anything like this. I had been right in telling Erik practitioners were the worst to ask about their own histories; surely this was something someone should have told me about before. Angelic offspring. Were nephilim real? Were they still around? Or was I really just chasing a dead end here, following a distracting lead when I should have restricted my search to immortals of my caliber or above, like Carter? After all, these nephilim were half-human; they couldn’t be all that powerful. After paying the bill, I walked out to my car, opening my fortune cookie as I went. It was empty. Charming. A light rain misted around me, and fatigue crept in around my edges, not surprising considering the last twenty-four hours. I couldn’t find a parking spot when I arrived in Queen Anne, which indicated some sort of sporting event or show going on nearby. Grumbling, I parked seven blocks away from home, vowing to never again lease an apartment that only had street spots. The wind Seth and I had felt earlier was fading, normal since Seattle was not a wind-prone city. The rain picked up in intensity, however, further darkening my mood. I was halfway home when I heard footsteps behind me. Pausing, I turned to look back but saw nothing save slick pavement, blearily reflecting streetlights. No one was there. I turned back around, starting to pick up my pace until I did a mental head slap and simply turned invisible. Jerome was right; I did think like a human too much. Still, I didn’t like the street I’d chosen back; it was too deserted. I needed to cut over and walk the rest of the distance on Queen Anne Avenue itself. I had just turned the corner when something impacted me hard on my back, knocking me forward six feet, startling me so much that I shifted back to visible. I tried to turn around, flailing at my attacker, but another blow hit me in the head hard, knocking me to my knees. The sense I had was of being struck by something hand and arm shaped, but it packed a punch, more like a baseball bat. Again, my attacker hit me, this time across one of my shoulder blades, and I cried out, hoping someone would hear me. Another strike swiped the side of my head, the force pushing me over onto my back. I squinted up, trying to catch sight of who was doing this, but all I could dimly discern was a dark, amorphous shape, bearing down on me fast and hard as another blow made contact with my jaw. I could not get up from that onslaught, could not fight against the pain descending on me harder and thicker than the rain around me. Suddenly, brilliant light filled my vision – light so brilliant it hurt. I was not alone in my assessment. My attacker recoiled, letting me go, and I heard a strange high-pitched scream emitted above me. Attracted by some irresistible lure, I looked toward the light. A white-hot pain seared my brain as I did, my eyes taking in the figure moving toward us: beautiful and terrible, all colors and none, white light and darkness, winged and armed with a sword, features shifting and indiscernible. The next scream I heard was my own, the agony and ecstasy of what I had seen scorching my senses, even though I could no longer see it. My vision had gone white-whiter-whitest until all was black, and I could see nothing at all. Then, silence fell. I sat there sobbing, hurting physically and spiritually. Footsteps came, and I felt someone kneel beside me. Somehow, despite my blindness, I knew it was not my attacker. That person had long since fled. â€Å"Georgina?† a familiar voice asked me. â€Å"Carter,† I gasped out, throwing my arms around him. How to cite Succubus Blues CHAPTER 16, Essay examples

Mary Helen Mackillop Essays - , Term Papers

Mary Helen Mackillop Born in 1842 to two Scottish immigrants, Mary Helen MacKillop was brought up in a very religious, financially unstable household in Fitzroy, Melbourne. She resolved at a young age to lead a religious life. This goal was realized in 1866, after MacKillop had worked as a shop assistant, teacher and governess. In 1866 MacKillop met an English priest, Julian Tenison-Woods who was based in South Australia. Tenison-Woods shared her quasi-mystic, almost zealous brand of Catholicism. Together they founded the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Sacred Heart, which was dedicated to looking after poor Catholic children, and providing them with a quality, Catholic education. The establishment of the order was not without its drama. In 1871 MacKillop was excommunicated from the Catholic Church for insubordination; reports had been made of strange visions, self-inflicted versions of Christ's wounds, and other unorthodox practices among the sisters of the order. Although the order's numbers decreased, MacKillop was determined that this would not be her undoing. Bishop Shiel had excommunicated MacKillop. However, in 1872, while on his deathbed, he withdrew his accusations. MacKillop traveled to Rome. Here she gained approval for the Josephites' Rule, and what became her own order. This was opposed to the vision she had shared with Tenison-Woods, and in seeking approval from Rome, she effectively severed their relationship. By 1875 the order had grown to include over 200 nuns and more than 40 schools. It was organized according to the original principle of providing the poor with quality Catholic education as a means of escaping their financial hardship. The Josephites continue to be characterized by living their own lives in poverty, and maintaining a fiercely egalitarian ethos among themselves and in their teaching. MacKillop was elected to the superior-general's position within the sisterhood in 1875, and she was popular amongst followers of her order. Nevertheless, in 1883 MacKillop was plagued by criticisms of financial mismanagement. Her prescribed medicinal use of brandy fuelled allegations of alcoholism. Demonstrating a determination to overcome these difficulties, MacKillop relocated the order's financial headquarters away from her critics, and rose above the pettiness of malicious claims. MacKillop died in May 1909 from a stroke. In the early 1960s, over fifty years later, the requisite miracle for her beatification occurred: prayers offered to her are said to have cured a woman of cancer. She was beatified in 1995 by Pope John Paul II, and is the first Australian to have had this honor. MacKillop is significant to Australia's large Catholic population, and the strong Catholic tradition within Australian culture. However, MacKillop is not only revered for her religious work, but also her cultural contribution. Her refusal to submit to patriarchal Church authority, a fierce independence, and the egalitarian attitude of her life and work recommend her as a strong female and Australian role model. Religion Essays

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buy custom The Sun Recorded Through History essay The heat energy is supplied to a fluid, which is heated until it vaporizes; the vapor is then compressed at high pressure, and released at high pressure to give motion to a gas turbine that is coupled to a generator. When the turbine is set into motion by pressurized gas or water vapor it rotates the shaft connected to the generator, which in turn rotates the shaft connected to the coil of the generator giving motion to the coil of the generator. A generator is a machine or a device, which converts mechanical energy to electricity. The mechanical energy that is converted to electrical energy can be obtained from nuclear and chemical energy found in various types of fuel, it can also be obtained from sources such as falling water or wind. This mechanical energy can be supplied to the generator using water or wind turbines, electric motors, gas combustion turbines, internal combustion engines and steam engines. The working principle of a generator is based on the electromagnetic induction phenomenon. The generator has a conductor that is placed between two magnets; the movement of the conductor relative to the magnetic field created by the two magnets induces a voltage in the conductor. If there is an external circuit connected to the conductor, the voltage induced in the conductor would create a current in the circuit, and the energy in this circuit can be delivered to a load. To obtain a larger current from the conductor, a large force must be applied to rotate the conductor and keep it in motion. Most modern generators have self excited fields; this means that the current in the field coils comes from the additional exciting winding found in the armature. Before the voltage is fed in the field coils, it is rectified by passing it through a diode bridge, then passes through a regulator. A portion of current that is generated by the generator flows into the field coil generating a magnetic field. However, before the generator is started the magnetic field is generated using the residual magnetism in the cores of the magnets or a current from a battery. Biofuels, which include ethanol or biodiesel, are known as liquid sunlight. Ethanol is produced using plants to convert solar energy into a liquid that is used as a source of energy in transportation system. Plants capture the suns energy through the process of photosynthesis, and then transform the energy to cellulose, sugars and starches (Nelson par 8). Ethanol is later manufactured using various industrial processes by combining water with plant material with an addition of energy; the processes produce ethanol and byproducts, which include polluted water. The resultant product, which is ethanol, is then used in transportation systems. The current processes of producing ethanol from sunlight are regarded as involving and costly. The required raw materials is from biomass, mostly from sugarcane and corn among other energy crops, and this energy crops must be grown extensively for large-scale production; this has a huge economic implication and creates competition for land with the food crops. Technology of converting sunlight into fuel has taken another route in order to solve the problem of competition for land with for food crops, and reduce the cost of production. The latest technology uses bacterium that is genetically modified to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to fuel; this technology is expected to produce more fuel than that produced by ethanol (Nelson par16). When 1litre of ethanol is burnt, it produces 23.5 million joules. Rivers are natural systems that provide falling water or flowing water that sets a generator into motion. The falling or flowing water is because of the water cycle caused by sunlight, when the sunlight heats the earth surface, it causes evaporation of water from the earth surface, this water in the form of vapor rises up the earth surface, and when it reaches the high regions above the earth surface, it condenses, and later falls as rain. The rain water percolates through the soil and rocks, and collects in channels forming rivers. The water in the rivers flows and if a generator is placed in its path, it gives the generator a motion, if the water in the river encounters a steep rock it creates a waterfall, and when a generator is placed below the waterfall, the falling water gives the generator a motion. This energy from falling or flowing water gives motion to the generator, and it is considered ultimately from the sun because without the sun, the water on the earth surface would not evaporate, condense and fall as rain that later collects to form rivers that flow. The ice that forms on top of mountains also melts to form water that flows down the mountain to join the rivers that flows giving motion to the generator; without sunlight, the ice on top of mountains would not melt to water, and there could be no water flowing in rivers to give motion to the generator. The amount of energy that reaches the top atmosphere is 1,360 watts per square meter, and the amount arriving at the earth is 340 watt per every square meter. This is only one quarter of the solar irradiance; it is also the average amount of energy that reaches an individuals roof per square meter. However, the exact amount reaching ones roof in a day depends on the location of the house on the earth surface, the time of the year and time of the day. When one wants to use the 340 watt energy per square meter and the daily consumption of 14,400 watts per day, then a 26 square solar panel is required, which cost almost $16,000, and since sunshine is not consistent an inverter is required, which increases the cost of installation further. Looking at the annual electricity bill, it amounts to $91, it is better to use electricity from the main than pay for all that money for installation. The payback period for such an energy system is long, and considering the low efficiency of solar pow er systems, it is not worthy investing in them; this is why many people shy from using these systems. Solar cells are used in satellites, calculator and solar power production systems; they are also referred to as photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cells are constructed using semiconductor materials such as silicon; these cells convert sunlight straight into electricity. When the suns light strikes the solar cell, part of it is absorbed in the semiconductor material, and knocks the electros in the structure making them free to flow. The electric field in the semiconductor material then forces the free electrons to flow in a particular direction, and as the electrons flow they create an electric current. Silicon, a material used to make the solar cell havespecial properties, especially when it is in crystalline form, it has 14 electrons in its three shells, the first and second shells have two and eight electrons respectively. The third hell has only four electrons, this means that this level is half full, therefore, it will always seek for how to fill the remaining space for four electrons. Silicon will be forced to share electrons with the atoms surrounding it, forming a pure crystalline structure; this structure does not readily onduct electricity because it has no free electrons (Martnez 321). Therefore, the structure is mixed with atoms with free electrons such as phosphorus to make it conduct electricity. When the sunlight strikes this structure, it forces the electrons to break free, and each electron leaves a hole behind and looks for another electron to occupy; this causes the electrons to move randomly in the crystalline lattice, and as they move, the carry current. The performance of a PV cell depends on conditions such as the type of PV cells, solar spectral, angle of incidence, solar irradiance and the temperature. Approximately 90% of solar panels used today are made of crystalline silicon; they convert 15-20% of the sunlight to electricity (Martnez 346). There are solar cells that have a thin film of crystalline silicon, this type of solar cells converts 4-10% of sunlight reaching it. The solar cell produces a DC current, which can be used to power DC devices, however, for systems that are designed to power AC machines or appliances, an inverter is included to change the DC current to AC. A refrigerator is a system that transfers heat from a region of low-energy to a region of high-energy reservoir. This system consists of the following components, the cooling coil, evaporator, condenser, compressor, condenser pump, cooling tower, cooling tower fan. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the chiller or freezer chamber, then moves evaporates in the evaporator and sucked by the compressor and discharged outside the refrigerator. The air condition uses the working principle similar to that of a refrigerator, however, the difference is that the air conditioner cools a bigger space when it is compared to the refrigerator; it can cool an entire room, while a refrigerator cools only a chiller or freezer. The air conditioner consists of a compressor, condenser and evaporator; the working fluid goes through the compressor at while it is cool and at a low pressure, it is then compressed and passed to the condenser at a high pressure, then passed to the evaporator where it changes from liquid to vapor, as it cools the room (OECD Nuclear Energy Agency 285). The vapor is then cooled in the condenser and sacked back into the compressor, and the cycle repeats itself. The refrigerator can be used as an air conditioner if it is improvised by placing the evaporator in an open place that needs to be cooled. This is because their mode of operation is the same. The only difference is the size of the area they are cooling. The conversion of heat energy to electricity has been tried using several physical phenomena, however, the direct conversion has not been fully achieved; this is because of the temperature levels between the processes of operation. The Carnot efficiency is an efficiency that operates within the same limits of temperature between the source and the sink. Many systems converting heat energy to electricity have tried operating within the same limit of temperature, but the result is only a small percentage of the ideal efficiency, which is the Carnot efficiency (Chen par 12). This is because of the inefficiencies of the converting system, an example of such systems is a system that converts heat energy to electricity using thermocouple; this system produces electromotive force when one of the dissimilar conductor gains heat while the other remains cold. The conductors of the thermocouple are metals that are inefficient in converting heat to electricity; the metals are good electricity co nductors, and at the same time good thermal conductors, this makes the hot conductor lose the heat it has gained to the cold metal conductor, thus lowering its temperature. Such a system cannot achieve Carnot efficiency because the Carnot cycle assumes that all the heat gained from the source is converted to electricity without loses. The Carnot cycle efficiency is computed using the formula %u1DAF = 1 T2/T1 where T2 is the temperature of the conductor and T1 is the temperature of the source of heat (Chen par 15). This is the best efficiency one can hope for when converting heat energy to electricity. The earth is an engine that is controlled by the heat from the sun, the goes round the sun and because of its spherical shape it receives varying heat from the sun, with the tropics receiving more heat than the poles. This creates an imbalance in the available heat on the earth surface, and to balance the heat, energy is transferred from places with low latitudes to those of high latitude. The imbalance in the earth heat is also brought about by the rotation of the earth around the sun, which creates days and nights; places that experience day and night receive more heat energy from the sun at a given when compared to those experiencing night. The imbalance of heat on the earth which caused by uneven heating of the earth by the sun determines the earths vegetation cover, ice, precipitation and temperature. The difference in temperatures controls the movement of air from one region to another; this movement involves cold and warm air, and depending on the kind of air present in a region, the region is referred to as either warm or cold. The difference in precipitation and vegetation cover is also caused by uneven heat of the earth by the sun, when the earth is heated the water on the earth surface rises in form of vapor and later condenses and falls in form of precipitation, and the precipitation gives vegetation enough water required for its growth. This explains why the tropics receive much rain and have more vegetation cover than the poles. The uneven heating also controls the amount ice in different regions, with regions receiving less heat from the sun having more ice than those receiving more heat. The above described aspects also affect the population of people and animals in various regions around the earth; areas with high precipitation and vegetation are mostly inhabited by people and animals, while those with less vegetation, precipitation or covered with ice are avoided by human being and most animals. All this is controlled by the heat from the sun. Nuclear fission is a process where elements with large nucleus are split into small nuclei, nuclear power plants and industries that manufacturing nuclear weapons use this process. Elements that are used in this process include plutonium-239, Uranium-233 and Uranium-235, when these elements are struck by a neutron moving at a slow speed, they undergo fission. An example of such a reaction process is The result of the fission process is elements of smaller nuclei and a neutron, the neutron can be used to split another Uranium-235. The process goes on and on leading to a chain of reactions, however, the reaction should be controlled, else the chain reactions would lead to an explosion. The moderated reaction can be used in a nuclear reactor as a source of fuel; it is used together with control rods to control the process by absorbing excess neutrons. Elements are identified using the nuclei of the parent atoms, for instance, carbon is an element with 6 protons in its nucleus while Uranium is an elemennt with 92 protons in the nucleus. Uranium is the heaviest element; heavy elements are formed from light elements through the process of fusion. The simplest reaction being hydrogen and hydrogen, and later, the fusion reactions merge to form heavier elements. During the formation of the universe, there were high temperatures and density known as big bang, and only the elements with heavy nucleus were formed, this includes, hydrogen, beryllium, helium and lithium. Heavier elements such as Uranium were created during a nuclear reaction that took place in the stars, as well as during huge stellar explosions referred to as supernovas (MacDonald 256). The sun and other stars, and planets such Earth had other elements apart from hydrogen and helium, and these elements, which included Uranium formed after the explosion of the 1st generation of enormous stars known as supernovas (OECD Nuclear Energy Agency 357). Uranium was first discovered on the planet Uranus, and at first it was named Uranus by Martin Klaproth. It is found in pitchblende ore, which is an ore of zinc and iron, however, it can also be found in coffinite, uranophane, carnotite and uraninite minerals. Uranium is considered as a solar power, this is because its formations originated from the formation of energy emitted by the Sun. The solar power was formed from the fusion of hydrogen atoms to form helium atom, the helium atom later combined with other hydrogen atoms to form heavier atoms. The heavier atoms such as Uranium were formed through the fusion of atoms that were lighter that themselves; this shows that power that comes from Uranium is actually solar power because without the initial reaction to form solar power, then the other reactions that led to the formation of Uranium could not have happened. Many scientists worked hard to discover the source of sunshine, and in 1904, Ernest Rutherford discovered that the sunshine was emanating from the emission of alpha particles by radioactive substances. This discovery implied that nuclear energy was the source of sunshine; however, more research proved that the sun did not have much radioactive material, and instead, the sun contained more hydrogen gas. Scientists also discovered that the amount of energy generated by a star does not vary with temperature, but it depended on the interior temperatures of the star (MacDonald 167). These discoveries helped them come closer to the answer, later Aston discovered something that rested many scientists; he discovered that hydrogen nuclei was heavier than helium nucleus, a concept that was used by Eddington to conclude that the sunshine was because of the conversion of hydrogen atoms to helium. This process was known as fusion, and the energy produced from this process depends on the mass of t he atoms, this relation was derived from Einsteins energy equation; E =mc2. The process of fusion could make the sunshine for approximately 100 billion years. 41H 4He + 2e+ + 2+ energy, This process of energy production utilized by the earth has been a dream of mankind to solve the nagging problem of energy around the world. Scientists and researchers have been working hard to achieve this process that produces abundance of energy, they have the equation that result in the large amount of energy, which is the fusion of 4 atoms of hydrogen to form one atom of helium, two positrons, two electrons and energy. However, they realized that hydrogen atoms are positive particles; this means that they repel each other, and bringing them together is difficult. According to Bahcall, it was realized that stars that were heavier than the sun fused the hydrogen atoms using carbon as a catalyst, however, the energy produced from this reaction was relatively low. Scientists have also thought of the stellar evolution theory, which implies that the sun is heated at very high temperatures causing the nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms to fuse through the gravitational energy emanating from the contraction of the solar mass from its initial large gas cloud. This has given the scientist and researchers of the required conditions for the hydrogen atoms to fuse, however, there is still a struggle to find out the exact conditions for the fusion to take place, and how the conditions can be made possible for the fusion of hydrogen on earth without causing destruction. All energy used on the earth comes from the solar energy; this can either be direct or indirect. Looking at photovoltaic and solar thermal energy used on the earth, they directly comes from the sun, but utilized in the form of electricity and thermal energy respectively. These two forms of solar energy are harnessed directly from the sun. Another form of energy that comes from the sun but indirectly is wind. The sun heats the earth unevenly, and this causes imbalance of heat on the earth surface; the regions that experience more heat have warm air at the surface of the earth, while those that experience less heat have cool air at the surface of the earth (MacDonald 134). Following this imbalance, the warm air will tend to move from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, and the vice versa happens to the cool air. This continuous movement of air on the earth surface is wind, and this wind can drive a wind turbine which is used to produce electricity, run wind pumps or wind mills. Hydropower is also derived from the sun, and in this case, the sun heats the earth surface, and the water on the earth surface vaporizes and rises above the ground. As it moves up the sky, it reaches condensation where it forms clouds that later falls as rain. The rain water percolates through the soil and rocks to form rivers, the water in rivers can be utilized to produce energy using either the flowing water or waterfalls along the river channel. Bio-fuels also come from the sun. The sun is used in the process of photosynthesis to produce sugars that are stored in the plant in the form of starch and forms of sugars. The starch and other forms of sugars are extracted from the plant and used in the production of ethanol as a bio-fuel. Another case of bio-fuel production using sunlight uses bacteria that have been modified to utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to form nuclear bio-fuel. Nuclear energy also emanates from solar energy in the sense that, Uranium, an element that is mostly used in energy production using the process of fission, was formed from the reactions that resulted to solar energy. The fusion of hydrogen atoms to form helium atom resulted in the sunshine, and the fusion of the resultant atoms led to atoms with larger nuclei, and Uranium being the heaviest element, it resulted from the fusion of lighter atoms. Fossil fuels are fuels extracted below the earth surface, and they were formed by the accumulation of dead animals and plants. The dead plants contained sugars that were stored after the process of photosynthesis that was initiated by the sun, and the animals ate plants which derived their food from the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, it is only sensible to say that fossil fuels and other sources of energy originated from solar power. Buy custom The Sun Recorded Through History essay

Back Titration in Chemistry

Back Titration in Chemistry A back titration is a titration method where the concentration of an analyte is determined by reacting it with a known amount of excess reagent. The remaining excess reagent is then titrated with another, second reagent. The second titrations result shows how much of the excess reagent was used in the first titration, thus allowing the original analytes concentration to be calculated. A back titration may also be called an indirect titration. When Is a Back Titration Used? A back titration is used when the molar concentration of an excess reactant  is known, but the need exists to determine the strength or concentration of an analyte. Back titration is typically applied in acid-base titrations: When the acid or (more commonly) base is an insoluble salt (e.g., calcium carbonate) When direct titration endpoint would be hard to discern (e.g., weak acid and weak base titration) When the reaction occurs very slowly Back titrations are applied, more generally, when the endpoint is easier to see than with a normal titration, which applies to some precipitation reactions. How Is a Back Titration Performed? Two steps are typically followed in a back titration: The volatile analyte is permitted to react with an excess reagent A titration is conducted on the remaining quantity of the known solution This is a way to measure the amount consumed by the analyte, thus calculate the excess quantity.

Does the term 'risk society' capture important features of recent Essay

Does the term 'risk society' capture important features of recent social changes - Essay Example al pollution, and new terrorism which shape the social changes such as increased social accountability, availability of information and most importantly a general paranoia within the society. ‘Risk can be defined in the risk society as a systematic way of dealing with hazards and insecurities induced and introduced by modernization itself’ (Beck 1992: 21). The most palpable point about risk is the main difference between risk and disaster. Risk does not necessarily mean disaster. Risk is actually the anticipation of disaster. Therefore it can be said that risks exist in an everlasting state of virtuality, and only become ‘relevant’ to the degree that they are likely. Risks are not ‘real’; they are in fact ‘becoming real’. ‘As soon as risks become real say an act of terrorism destroying the financial heart of New York - they cease to be risks and become catastrophes. Risks have already moved elsewhere: to the anticipation of further attacks, economic decline, or worldwide war.’ (Loon 2002) There has been a transformation in the awareness of risk by society. We have evolved to a society’ where what is significant is not whether the number or nature of risks have increased in their gravity, but that people feel that this is so and react accordingly. Obsessive worrying about ‘risk’ in contemporary social life has little to do with the actual frequency of life-threatening dangers. On the level of a single lifetime, i.e. in terms of life expectancy and level of freedom from grave disease, people in the modern societies are in a much more privileged position than were most in bygone eras. An imposing list follows of the ways in which the material security has been improved in modern societies; even so it is balanced by a list of fresh risks: terrorism, motor accidents, drugs, environmental pollution, etc. Both can be seen as results of the modernization. In terms of basic life security, nonetheless, the risk-reducing elements seem

Application of Technology in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Application of Technology in Education - Essay Example However, despite the benefits of education in our daily lives, there have been numerous discussions regarding the real impact of technology such as use of computers, laptops, smartphone and other devices that have replaced the conventional classroom environment, and whether such technological investments in classrooms result in more informed and educated students compared to conventional teaching. Therefore, despite technology having enhanced our abilities and transformed performance in most sectors, continued use of technology in classrooms has resulted in poor quality of education and beats the real essence of education. Quality education has to enhance knowledge and understanding among students. However, the sue of computers requires that students do not synthesize the basics, but only apply already made applications to obtain results, oblivious of the implication the results obtained, or the principle behind such formula used to obtain results. Devine (1999) asserts that a good education will mainly focus on laying the necessary foundation for knowledge and skills in the early stages of education, which would promote the much needed knowledge and understanding among students as the essence of education. Computers deny students to learn the foundation principles of concepts, but will only allow the student to apply an already synthesized principle, which they do not understand. This denies them knowledge. It makes it hard to have other Bill Gates, or Michael Dells who used the basic foundation of principles to come up with great inventions. Technology will in most cases affect student’s ability and participation. The ability and strengths of an individual are well identified when they are involved in creative processes, where ingenuity and creativity have to be applied in any field. Therefore, as Devine (1999) argues students have to learn how to look for materials in order to showcase their abilities in different

Holden Caulfield: Typical American Teenager Essay -- Catcher in the Ry

It is difficult to really define American teenagers, but they’re seen as confused and without any real identity age wise. Although not as prominent as in the 20th century, teenagers have to deal with a misleading phoniness in society today. The teenage years are when a person really decides (or has a decision forced on them) how their views will develop, such as living with optimism or pessimism. Because of pressure from media, peers and parents, teenagers either try to grow up too quickly or simply refuse and get left behind. All of these characteristics are related to Holden Caulfield in various ways. Even just on the surface, Holden is a typical teenager, with his low self esteem and bad language. Therefore, based on what it means to be an American teenager, The Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger is supposed to be the picture of a typical teenage experience. Generally, the American teenager has enough to be confused with in his own life but society’s phoniness can greatly add to that uncertainty. Most of a person’s adult behaviors are learned in the teenage years, but with people such as politicians being â€Å"phony,† teenagers are getting more upset and confused by the appropriate way to act. If they see people in these kinds of powerful positions lying and embezzling, what would they assume to do other than imitate that behavior? That’s why there is a lot of teenage crime in this country- the crimes of â€Å"phonies† in prominent standing that, to some extent, are endorsing these bad and sometimes ilicit activities. In Holden Caulfield’s case, he lets phoniness run his entire life. The biggest insult he can give something is that of â€Å"phony,† and he stops doing things he would like to do, not wanting to be perceived as a ph... ...t from his own parents. They keep sending him to private schools away from home and that’s forcing him to grow up because there’s nobody else to rely on really. That is the case with most teenagers like Holden, they try to grow up too quickly and miss some potentially great childhood moments. In conclusion, The Catcher in the Rye is a picture of a typical teenage experience because Holden is confused and without any real identity. He has strong views, like most teenagers, on phoniness, view of life and growing up. Holden is a typical American teenager, maybe a little less fortunate than some others, having to fend for himself, really. Nonetheless, nearly all teenagers go through a time in their lives that is emotionally like that of Holden Caulfield. Work Cited Salinger, JD. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown and Company, 1951

Animal Rights

Do the rights of animals precede the advancement of science? The quicker the world answers this question and realizes the significance of animals for our own existence the better. Tougher rules on animal trafficking which is a 19 billion global industry, penalties on animal abuse and steps taken for animal conservation and banning animal testing are good primary steps taken by most European nations and the United States but a more positive effect will only come to show if the entire world takes this matter more seriously.Animal rights teach us that certain things are wrong as a matter of Renville, that there are some things which are morally wrong to do to animals. Human beings must not do those things, even If they do them In a â€Å"humane† way. The fact that people take animals as a means to fulfill their own desires and needs and not as a living being, something that feels pain just like any human does makes them do cruel things.Roughly 17 thousand species are known to be threatened with extinction a curve that increases every year as more and more species of birds, mammals and sea-life are pulled closer to extinction. In Africa Ivory poachers have ailed 65% of forest elephant population In the last 11 years. According to a Washington based wildlife conservation agency around a 100-million sharks are killed annually to make the popular Chinese delicacy, sharkskin soup.Most people are oblivious to the fact that most of their cosmetics and toiletries are first tested on innocent animals before they can be used by them these animals Include small rodents, great apes dogs etc. These apes which are known to be the smartest of all creatures and share 96% of Human DNA and largely sociable creatures and undergo both physical and mental trauma being kept in isolation for cascades. Statistics show that every year around 100 Million animals die in American laboratories for chemical, drug, food and cosmetics testing.Death Is probably the best thing that happens to them after they are confined to their barren cages. Before their deaths, some are forced to inhale toxic fumes, others are immobilizers in restraint devices for hours and some have holes drilled into their skulls. The only argument that people buy to Justify animal experimentation is that it helps improve Human health. The reality is that the majority of animal experiments do not intricate to Improving human health, and the value of the role that animal experimentation plays In most medical advances Is questionable.Diseases that are artificially induced in animals in a laboratory are never identical to those that occur naturally in human beings and hence the results are obsolete and useless. It makes no difference if the animals are given 5-star treatment throughout their lives and then killed humanely without any fear or pain – it's just plain wrong in principle, and nothing can make it right. Animal rights should receive careful consideration because equals not inferiors .

The Long Telegram of George Kennan

The Long Telegram was sent by George Kennan from the United States Embassy in Moscow to Washington, where it was received on February 22nd, 1946. The telegram was prompted by US inquiries about Soviet behavior, especially with regards to their refusal to join the newly created World Bank and International Monetary Fund. In his text, Kennan outlined Soviet belief and practice and proposed the policy of containment, making the telegram a key document in the history of the Cold War. The name long derives from the telegrams 8000-word length. US and Soviet Division The US and USSR had recently fought as allies, across Europe in the battle to defeat Nazi Germany, and in Asia to defeat Japan. US supplies, including trucks, had helped the Soviets weather the storm of Nazi attacks and then push them right back to Berlin. But this was a marriage from purely one situation, and when the war was over, the two new superpowers regarded each other warily. The US was a democratic nation helping put Western Europe back into economic shape. The USSR was a murderous dictatorship under Stalin, and they occupied a swathe of Eastern Europe and wished to turn it into a series of buffer, vassal states. The US and the USSR seemed very much opposed. The US thus wanted to know what Stalin and his regime were doing, which was why they asked Kennan what he knew. The USSR would join the UN, and would make cynical overtures about joining NATO, but as the Iron Curtain fell on Eastern Europe, the US realized they now shared the world with a huge, powerful and anti-democratic rival. Containment Kennans Long Telegram didnt just reply with insight into the Soviets. It coined the theory of containment, a way of dealing with the Soviets. For Kennan, if one nation became communist, it would apply pressure on its neighbors and they too might become communist. Hadnt Russia now spread to the east of Europe? Werent communists working in China? Werent France and Italy still raw after their wartime experiences and looking towards communism? It was feared that, if Soviet expansionism was left unchecked, it would spread over great areas of the globe. The answer was containment. The US should move to help countries at risk from communism by propping them up with the economic, political, military, and cultural aid they needed to stay out of the Soviet sphere. After the telegram was shared around government, Kennan made it public. President Truman adopted the containment policy in his Truman Doctrine and sent the US to counter Soviet actions. In 1947, the CIA spent considerable sums of money to ensure the Christian Democrats defeated the Communist Party in elections, and, therefore, kept the country away from the Soviets.​ Of course, containment was soon twisted. In order to keep nations away from the communist bloc, the US supported some terrible governments, and engineered the fall of democratically elected socialist ones. Containment remained US policy throughout the Cold War, ending in 1991, but discussed as something to be reborn when it came to US rivals ever since.